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Study of the Performance of a New Kind of Downhole Gas-Liquid Separation with High Gas Content
Fanchen Meng,
Shiying Shi,
Naiqing Ma
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 2, June 2019
Pages:
45-49
Received:
7 January 2019
Published:
23 May 2019
Abstract: In the downhole, gas separation is crucial for the Electrical Submergible Pumps’ normal operation. This paper presents a new type of downhole gas-liquid separator (DGLS) and studies its separation performance in experiments that interests the oil industry. Laboratory results show that the pressure drop in the DGLS is rather small and that the gas-liquid separation in the DGLS can be seen as an incompressible flow. When the split ratio equals the gas content at the inlet, complete gas-liquid separation occurs. In addition, as the liquid density increases, the gas-liquid separation performance improves. The separation mechanism of the DGLS is related to the centrifugal acceleration, which is better when it is less than 30 times the gravitational acceleration. A method for predicting the separation performance is proposed.
Abstract: In the downhole, gas separation is crucial for the Electrical Submergible Pumps’ normal operation. This paper presents a new type of downhole gas-liquid separator (DGLS) and studies its separation performance in experiments that interests the oil industry. Laboratory results show that the pressure drop in the DGLS is rather small and that the gas-l...
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An Extension of the Theory of Planned Behaviour to Predict Willingness to Pay for the Conservation of Urban Lakes for Mitigating the Urban Heat Island Effect
Li Zhang,
Hiroatsu Fukuda
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 2, June 2019
Pages:
50-59
Received:
25 March 2019
Published:
23 May 2019
Abstract: Urban heat island effect has become a serious environmental problem of Beijing and urban lakes are proved to be effective in mitigating this phenomenon. Urban lakes are proved to be effective in mitigating urban heat island effect, while this effect has long been overlooked. One important reason is that its economic value cannot be easily measured. This paper empirically investigates the Beijing residents' willingness of pay for the benefit of urban lakes in mitigating the urban heat island effects. In addition, the government also willing to promote public participation in environmental issues. To explore the influencing factors of residents' willingness to pay, this study applied an extended framework of the theory of planned behavior by introducing the concept of environmental concern. The estimated mean willingness to pay was 24.44 US dollars per year. In order to improve the prediction power of respondents' pro-environmental behavior, the original framework of the Theory of Planned behavior were extended by adding the factor of environmental concern. The new relation of components show that environmental concern influence respondents’ willingness to pay both directly and indirectly, and the explanatory power of the original prediction model is improved. This research reveal that a majority of residents in Beijing are willing to contribute for the conservation of urban lakes for mitigating urban heat island effect, while environment related information disclosure is necessary for promoting public participation in urban environment management.
Abstract: Urban heat island effect has become a serious environmental problem of Beijing and urban lakes are proved to be effective in mitigating this phenomenon. Urban lakes are proved to be effective in mitigating urban heat island effect, while this effect has long been overlooked. One important reason is that its economic value cannot be easily measured....
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The Value of a Land Use Project’s Ecosystem Services
Yongxiong Liu,
Mingzhi Li,
Jiacheng Zhao
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 2, June 2019
Pages:
60-65
Received:
22 April 2019
Published:
23 May 2019
Abstract: The evaluation of ecosystem service value is a focus issue in the construction of ecological civilization in China. With the progress of human civilization, various types of land use projects are increasing day by day, which not only bring huge economic benefits, but also profoundly affect the regional land use pattern and ecological process, and have many influences on ecosystem services. In order to understand the real economic cost of land use projects, it is urgent to evaluate the ecosystem service cost of specific land use projects. In this paper, an ecological service evaluation model for comprehensive evaluation of land use project ecological service value is established. In this model, the emerging theory, virtual disposal cost method and market price method are applied to quantify the ecosystem service cost of land use project from four aspects of water, land, gas and biology. Using our model, we can estimate the ecological cost of a land use project more quickly and obtain the real economic cost of the project. Taking a thermal power plant as an example, the annual cost of the system service is calculated based on the ecosystem evaluation model and the existing model. By comparing the results of the two models, the feasibility and validity of the model are revealed.
Abstract: The evaluation of ecosystem service value is a focus issue in the construction of ecological civilization in China. With the progress of human civilization, various types of land use projects are increasing day by day, which not only bring huge economic benefits, but also profoundly affect the regional land use pattern and ecological process, and h...
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Assessing the Consuption of Alternative Sources of Energy: A Detailed Analysis in Low and High Areas of Kabulonga and Chawama Townships of Lusaka City
Catherine Kafuchi Chipoya,
Mundia Muya,
Sam Sichilalu
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 2, June 2019
Pages:
66-76
Received:
8 March 2019
Accepted:
17 April 2019
Published:
31 May 2019
Abstract: Providing sustainable energy access is one of the most critical global challenges. Both developed and developing nations depend on a variety of primary energy sources like coal, natural gas, biomass, oil and renewable energy to produce electricity. Following the power deficit that was experienced in Zambia between 2015 and 2017 the government has been doing everything possible to develop a diversified renewable energy sector that will play a pivotal role in the provision of alternative sources of energy in the country. However, the intensifying levels of load shedding forced domestic consumers to resort to alternative sources of energy such as; charcoal, generators and gas stoves. This paper assesses the consumption and sustainability of alternative energy sources in high and low density population areas in Lusaka and focusing on households. The study was done on a representative sample of Lusaka from two areas namely Kabulonga, and Chawama representing low and high density respectively. Data was obtained through administering questionnaires to household heads. Results showed that energy consumption behaviour of households varies from one region to another and not all factors are equally important in determining energy consumption in different areas and regions. It was also revealed that the energy consumption decision is affected by economic factors such as market price of fuel, household income, household expenditures and noneconomic factors which include; a set of household characteristics such as household size, gender, education, house ownership, type of dwelling, location of residence, household age, distance to fuel source, and access to electricity. The results showed that 36% respondents in Kabulonga use electricity against 31.1% in Chawama, 29% use gas in Kabulonga against 26% in Chawama. It was noted that more respondents in Chawama use solar at 8.9% against 2% in Kabulonga and also that those that use charcoal in Chawama were 26.7% more than the Charcoal users in Kabulonga at 11%. While the government of Zambia is working on resolving power challenges that the country recently faced, building more hydropower stations has remained their focus. These major hydropower developments will not likely solve the power deficit or climate change effects being experienced such as low water levels due to droughts.
Abstract: Providing sustainable energy access is one of the most critical global challenges. Both developed and developing nations depend on a variety of primary energy sources like coal, natural gas, biomass, oil and renewable energy to produce electricity. Following the power deficit that was experienced in Zambia between 2015 and 2017 the government has b...
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Analyzing the Efficiency of Horizontal Photovoltaic Cells in Various Climate Regions
Parker Alan Hines,
Torrey John Wagner,
Clay Michael Koschnick,
Steven James Schuldt
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 2, June 2019
Pages:
77-86
Received:
15 April 2019
Accepted:
23 May 2019
Published:
10 June 2019
Abstract: This research presents the development of linear regression models to predict horizontal photovoltaic power output. We collected a dataset from 14 global Department of Defense (DoD) installations over a timeframe of one year using an experimental apparatus, resulting in 24,179 usable data points. We developed a linear model to predict power output, which incorporated site-specific weather and geographical characteristics, along with Köppen-Geiger climate classifications in order to determine the effect of adding climate to the model. After performing a Wald test between the full model and a reduced model without Köppen-Geiger climate variables, it was determined that including Köppen-Geiger climate variables improved the model’s ability to account for horizontal photovoltaic power variation by 3%. Although adding Köppen-Geiger variables provided added value when modeling the training dataset, these variables were less effective in predicting the validation dataset. From the analysis, the ideal Köppen-Geiger region was determined to be a warm temperate main classification, a fully humid precipitation classification and a warm summer temperature classification. This region possessed a 30% greater average power production than the mean value of the base climate classification. We found that the cost-effectiveness of a photovoltaic array depends on Köppen-Geiger climate regions, in addition to weather characteristics and the orientation of the array.
Abstract: This research presents the development of linear regression models to predict horizontal photovoltaic power output. We collected a dataset from 14 global Department of Defense (DoD) installations over a timeframe of one year using an experimental apparatus, resulting in 24,179 usable data points. We developed a linear model to predict power output,...
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Modeling and Prediction of New Energy Use
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 2, June 2019
Pages:
87-97
Received:
21 April 2019
Published:
15 June 2019
Abstract: This paper looks into clean energy consumption in the four states of California (CA), Arizona (AZ), New Mexico (NM) and Texas (TX) by analyzing and comparing the methods of energy consumption, the similarity and difference of their energy composition and the causes for it, and finding out the state with the optimal ways of energy consumption, and based on it, predicts the future energy composition of these states and proposes a target for interstate energy convention. And through multiple regression analysis, and the corresponding indicators of the methods of energy consumption in these states, we compare the ways of new energy consumption in these states, and analyze the difference from the perspective of industries and geographies in these states, which prepares necessary reference for the following modeling. After some basic analysis of the data, we establish a multi-attribute decision making to find a state with optimal composition of energies through the five indicators of energy composition, volume of clean energy consumption etc; and based on the analysis, we find the different characteristics of energy consumption in these states. Then we set up a GM (1, 1) model to make prediction based on the data of energy consumption of the near 20 years and project energy consumption of the four states in 2025 and 2050. By means of multi-attribute decision making, we find out the state with optimal energy composition, and propose a target of the energy convention based on a two-year clean energy consumption in this state. After analyzing the difference of energy consumption methods in these four states, and in order to coordinate and integrate energy production and consumption in these states, we propose the 6 suggestions for action. In addition to the multiple regression analysis, multi-attribute decision making for the analysis of the energy consumption in these four states, principal component analysis also plays an important role. This method helps to find the significance of different ways of energy consumption, figure out the current and future energy consumption in these four states, and the state with optimal energy consumption method. Finally, by means of comparing with different models, we have nearly the same conclusion: CA is a state with optimal energy combination and has best practice for future development. There in projecting the 2025 and 2050 energy consumption, we can use CA as a reference state and set such as the target for energy convention between these four states.
Abstract: This paper looks into clean energy consumption in the four states of California (CA), Arizona (AZ), New Mexico (NM) and Texas (TX) by analyzing and comparing the methods of energy consumption, the similarity and difference of their energy composition and the causes for it, and finding out the state with the optimal ways of energy consumption, and b...
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