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The Role of Land Use Management on Land Degradation: The Case Study of Kashidar Basin in Golestan Province, Iran
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 4, December 2021
Pages:
71-74
Received:
11 September 2021
Accepted:
5 October 2021
Published:
5 November 2021
Abstract: Land resources are increasingly under pressure and there are many competing interests. However, unsustainable agricultural expansion and urbanization remain the main driving forces in land resource depletion. Suitable land use management on steep slope farmlands can decrease the destructive effects of farming. The main aim of this paper is showing the role of land use management on soil erosion. The EPM empirical model which developed in former Yugoslavia is one of the applicable models for estimating soil erosion and sediment delivery. With the help of this model, changes in the rate of erosion due to the application of different land management methods can be examined. In order to achieve the objectives of this study, Kashidar watershed in Golestan province -Iran was selected. The required maps and parameters of EPM model were determined in the desired area and with the help of Arc-Gis software, the relations and equations presented in this model, the amount of soil erosion in Kashidar watershed was calculated. The rate of soil erosion was calculated under two different management scenarios of rain fed agriculture and agroforestry system. The results of this study shows that changing the land use from dry farming on steep slope to agroforestry can decrease the soil erosion up to 70 percent. Sustainable land management practices are urgently required because of widespread resource degradation from poor land use practices. Climate change impacts are expected to further aggravate the situation.
Abstract: Land resources are increasingly under pressure and there are many competing interests. However, unsustainable agricultural expansion and urbanization remain the main driving forces in land resource depletion. Suitable land use management on steep slope farmlands can decrease the destructive effects of farming. The main aim of this paper is showing ...
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Characterization of Soils of Jello Chancho Watershed: The Case of Liban District, East Shewa Zone Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 4, December 2021
Pages:
75-88
Received:
28 July 2021
Accepted:
19 October 2021
Published:
5 November 2021
Abstract: Understanding of soil physicochemical properties is necessary for appropriate utilization of soil resources. Soil resources characterization and classification is major requirements. In view of this, a study was conducted on soils of Jello-Chancho watershed in Liban District, East Shewa Zone of Ethiopia to characterize physicochemical properties of the soil. To achieve these objectives, three profiles were opened from the watershed and examined for their selected morphological, physicals and chemicals properties. The morphological properties were examined in field while physiochemical properties were analyzed in laboratory and finally the soils were classified. The soils were generally pinkish white to black color and moderate to deep soil depth. The structure was granular in the surface horizons of all profiles while friable consistence in moist basis of surface horizons in all profiles. Textural classes were ranged from loam to clay whereas bulk density ranged from 0.90 to 1.18 gcm-3, and total porosity ranged from 55.47 to 66.00%. The soils were rated as moderate acid (5.6-6) to neutral (6.6-7.3). The electrical conductivity was low in all studied profile. The organic matter contents in the study area ranged from 1.93 to 4.47% and total N contents ranged from 0.10 to 0.23%. The available phosphorus was ranged from 0.02 to 3.86 mgkg-1. The exchangeable potassium, calcium and magnesium were high to very high in all studied profiles while sodium was very low to high. CEC of the study soils were ranged from 18.90 to 68.20 cmolckg-1 whereas percent base saturation ranged from 53 to 98%. Depending on the results, the soils were classified as Abruptic Luvisols (profile 1), Haplic Luvisols (profile 2) and luvic Phaeazems (profile 3), respectively. The morphological and physiochemical properties of the soil for the study area change with topography and soil depth. Low level of OM, available P, and total N could be the major problems in the study area. Therefore the results of this study concluded that increasing extent of continuous and intensive cultivation with minimum conservation practices and erosion due to slope effect can further deteriorate soil properties. The control of such damaging effects would require proper soil conservation strategies.
Abstract: Understanding of soil physicochemical properties is necessary for appropriate utilization of soil resources. Soil resources characterization and classification is major requirements. In view of this, a study was conducted on soils of Jello-Chancho watershed in Liban District, East Shewa Zone of Ethiopia to characterize physicochemical properties of...
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Testing of Energy Efficient Fisonic Devices at the Woolworth Building in New York City
Ishai Oliker,
Robert Kremer,
Dmitry Chernyy
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 4, December 2021
Pages:
89-95
Received:
18 June 2021
Accepted:
29 June 2021
Published:
24 December 2021
Abstract: The Fisonic Devices (FD)s are supersonic, condensing heat pumps with a patented internal geometry that causes steam and water to mix and accelerate, converting a minute fraction of fluid’s thermal energy to physical trust (pump head) with the outlet pressure higher than the pressure of the working medium at the inlet of the FD. The FD replaces the tube and shell heat exchanger and heats the water by direct contact with steam. The use of the FD allows reducing the terminal temperature difference between steam and water, the required steam consumption, and the amount of cold potable water required to quench the condensate. The operation of the Fisonic system results in reduction of building steam, cold water and sewer costs. The purpose of the described project was to manufacture, install, test, and demonstrate the performance and energy efficiency of the FD’s for the space heating system of the major City of New York steam consumer - Woolworth building. The test of FD’s resulted in reduction of the annual steam supply in comparison with the existing system by 20%, elimination of cold quench water consumption, and reduction of steam, water, and sewer costs.
Abstract: The Fisonic Devices (FD)s are supersonic, condensing heat pumps with a patented internal geometry that causes steam and water to mix and accelerate, converting a minute fraction of fluid’s thermal energy to physical trust (pump head) with the outlet pressure higher than the pressure of the working medium at the inlet of the FD. The FD replaces the ...
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