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The Role of the Regulator in the Field of Safety Culture to Shun Nuclear Accident
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, March 2018
Pages:
1-11
Received:
30 August 2017
Accepted:
12 January 2018
Published:
25 January 2018
Abstract: Safety is the primary purpose of the regulatory body, Regulator plays a significant role in the field of nuclear safety even though the prime responsibility for safety belongs to the operator, the regulator which actually decides what is considered to be safe. In order to effectively implement the international principle of high level of nuclear safety, nuclear safety culture should be clearly named as an objective in international nuclear legal acts and the regulator’s responsibility for promotion of nuclear safety culture should be established. What is more difficult for the regulator is finding the right balance of firmness but fairness in dealing with the operator. In addition to enforcing safety regulations, the regulator should have a positive effect on the operator’s safety culture. The regulator can promote safety culture in the operator’s organization just through the mere fact of placing it on the agenda at the highest organizational levels.
Abstract: Safety is the primary purpose of the regulatory body, Regulator plays a significant role in the field of nuclear safety even though the prime responsibility for safety belongs to the operator, the regulator which actually decides what is considered to be safe. In order to effectively implement the international principle of high level of nuclear sa...
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Detection Technology of Metal Elements in Crude Oil and Prospect of Utilization of Metal Resources
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, March 2018
Pages:
12-17
Received:
23 February 2018
Published:
24 February 2018
Abstract: There are many kinds of metals in crude oil. The rare metals are essential metals for the development of atomic energy, aviation and space, national defense construction, electronic computer, high point scientific instruments and so on. Although the resources of rare metals are abundant in China, but for a long time, china supplies 90% of the world's rare metals at a relatively low price, the reserves of rare metal resources are declining at an alarming rate. By 2020, only 6 of the 45 major minerals could meet the needs of China. Through the establishment of metal element detection technology in crude oil, the crude oil of Toutai Oil Field in China is determined, and there are rich rare metal elements in the crude oil. For example, the rare-earth metal content is 62.61 micrograms per kilogram, the rare light metals is 78.4 micrograms per kilogram, and the rare refractory metals is 290.47 micrograms per kilogram, etc. Although the research on the prospect of comprehensive utilization of rare metals in crude oil is late in China, the extraction of rare metals from crude oil has a broad prospect.
Abstract: There are many kinds of metals in crude oil. The rare metals are essential metals for the development of atomic energy, aviation and space, national defense construction, electronic computer, high point scientific instruments and so on. Although the resources of rare metals are abundant in China, but for a long time, china supplies 90% of the world...
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Generation of Hydrocarbon Fuels from Mixed Polymer Wastes Using Decomposer Chamber
Giday Gebregziabher,
Solomon Mulaw,
Jemal Ebrahim,
Abebe Tedla,
Haftu Gebretsadik
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, March 2018
Pages:
18-23
Received:
9 February 2018
Accepted:
13 March 2018
Published:
26 March 2018
Abstract: Disposal of Waste plastics is one of the causes of major environmental problem in the world since they are not biodegradable. It is common to observe thrown plastic waste along with other trash material in the field especially in developing countries. It is indispensable to reduce the environmental concern by converting the plastic waste into hydrocarbon fuels by thermal degradation. In this study we report the conversion of mixed waste plastics (polymers) into hydrocarbon fuels such a slighter gas and liquid fuels using solid decomposer chamber as reactor. Different types of plastics including Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE), polypropylene (PP) and Polystyrene (PS), which have different melting point temperature ranges, were collected and used as raw materials. Reactor was designed and manufactured to thermally degrade these mixed plastic waste materials through Electric heating. The collected waste plastics were placed in the reactor and heated with different temperature ranges from 40 to 300°C, thereby producing hydrocarbon fuels such as lighter gas (C1-C4), naphtha (C7-C10) and kerosene (C12-C15) and were collected based on their temperature ranges. Chemical and physical properties of the products were analyzed qualitatively and the liquid products (naphtha (C7-C10) & kerosene (C12-C15)) formed were analyzed using FT-IR spectrometer spectrum to identify the existing functional groups. Most of the aliphatic compounds including Alkane, alkene, alkyl group and hydroxyls are present in the products.
Abstract: Disposal of Waste plastics is one of the causes of major environmental problem in the world since they are not biodegradable. It is common to observe thrown plastic waste along with other trash material in the field especially in developing countries. It is indispensable to reduce the environmental concern by converting the plastic waste into hydro...
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Mechanical Properties of Methane Hydrate Interbedded with Clayey Sediments
Yanghui Li,
Qi Wu,
Peng Wu,
Weiguo Liu
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, March 2018
Pages:
24-31
Received:
26 April 2018
Published:
27 April 2018
Abstract: Methane hydrate was found interbedded with clayey sediments in permafrost regions, and it is important to study the mechanical properties of the hydrate-bearing layers to assess the stability during hydrate exploitation. In this paper, a series of triaxial experiments was conducted on hydrate-bearing sediments which were prepared by compacting hydrate layer (A), kaolin clay layer (B) and the mixture of hydrate and kaolin clay layer (C) in different orders (ABC, ACB, CAB) and with different tilted angles (0°, 10°, 25°) in a specially designed mold device. The volume of methane hydrate was 40% of the whole volume of the sample. The triaxial experiments were conducted under the confining pressure of 5MPa, temperature of -10°C and strain rate of 1%/min. The results indicated that the maximum deviator stress of the sediments (ABC) increased with the increasing of the tilted angle of layers, however, there was an opposite trend with the sediments (CAB). And the maximum deviator stress of the sediments (ACB) increased first and then decreased. The failure strength achieved maximum when the hydrate layer was in the center of the sediments.
Abstract: Methane hydrate was found interbedded with clayey sediments in permafrost regions, and it is important to study the mechanical properties of the hydrate-bearing layers to assess the stability during hydrate exploitation. In this paper, a series of triaxial experiments was conducted on hydrate-bearing sediments which were prepared by compacting hydr...
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Investigating Energy-Related Occupants' Behaviors on Energy Consumption in Residential Buildings (Opening/Closing Windows and Blinds)
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, March 2018
Pages:
32-39
Received:
19 June 2018
Published:
20 June 2018
Abstract: Considering the high energy consumption in the building sector, there are several ways to improve energy consumption, part of which is technology-related and partly related to the performance of the people, given that the human segment is much easier and cheaper than the technology sector., The optimal use of these energy-driven behaviors can greatly help improve indoor comfort and reduce energy consumption in the building. In this research, the effects of changes in the energy-oriented behavior pattern (opening and closing of the window and curtain) on the cooling load and power consumption are reviewed annually in a common building. Building simulation was done using the Designer Bidder software. It was found that the use of a proper behavior pattern could reduce the percentage of energy consumption (electricity for cooling). After choosing a residential building in the Gonbad-e-Kavos, a typical apartment building in the city, simulations have been carried out in three modes, and the cooling and electricity consumption (purely for cooling) models are compared in one year. In the simulated model, the third state behavioral model was more favorable in terms of reducing cooling load and power consumption in one year. The results of this simulation show that a change in behavior patterns can make a significant change in its energy consumption. Energy-efficient behaviors have a very high potential for optimizing energy consumption in buildings along with other engineering and technical solutions.
Abstract: Considering the high energy consumption in the building sector, there are several ways to improve energy consumption, part of which is technology-related and partly related to the performance of the people, given that the human segment is much easier and cheaper than the technology sector., The optimal use of these energy-driven behaviors can great...
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Characterization of Acidified Opal Shale and Dynamic Adsorption of Toluene
Mingyue Kou,
Wei Zuo,
Xiangfu Li,
Ruosong Hu,
Pan Wang,
Jixu Zhan
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, March 2018
Pages:
40-46
Received:
19 June 2018
Published:
20 June 2018
Abstract: Different kinds of acidified opal shale powders were obtained through the activation of natural opal shale powders with different concentrations of sulfuric acid. The natural opal shale and different acidified opal shale materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. It was found that the opal shale has good acid resistance stability. When the sulfuric acid concentration reaches a high concentration of 6 mol/L in the acidification treatment, the opal shale can still maintain its original main silica structure. Natural opal shale is a typical mesoporous material with a BET specific surface area of about 12 nm, but it also contains a small amount of micropores and macropores. Appropriate acid treatment can increase the specific surface area. An excessively high concentration of acid that exceeds 6 mol/L sulfuric acid can destroy the main structure of the cation, resulting in a decrease in the specific surface area. In this paper, the adsorptive breakthrough curves for toluene, dynamic saturated adsorption capacity and other gas adsorption performances of these materials were studied. Finally, the best adsorption material was the 2 mol/L sulfuric acid acidified opal shale at 333K under stirring for 4 hours.
Abstract: Different kinds of acidified opal shale powders were obtained through the activation of natural opal shale powders with different concentrations of sulfuric acid. The natural opal shale and different acidified opal shale materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. It ...
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Energy Efficiency and Emissions Analysis of Ammonia, Hydrogen, and Hydrocarbon Fuels
Yuegu Wang,
Songsheng Zheng,
Zhaolin Wang
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, March 2018
Pages:
47-53
Received:
19 June 2018
Published:
20 June 2018
Abstract: This paper compares some typical fossil fuels with carbon-free fuels from aspects of combustion-related properties, energy efficiency and emissions. It is based on the assumption that the fuel of interest is completely combusted. The comparison indicators include species of exhaust gases, wasted heat of emissions and the quantities thereof. It is found that in spite of the weakness of lower volume energy density of ammonia than gasoline, diesel and methane, the lower corresponding air-fuel ratio of ammonia compromised this weakness. From the comparison of total emissions by mass, it is found that combustion of ammonia generates a much smaller amount of total emissions than the combustion of the same kilogram of hydrogen, gasoline, diesel, methane, and ethanol. Although combustion of hydrogen does not generate CO2, the total emissions by mass are much larger than other fuels and is 5 times greater than ammonia per unit mass of fuel. Besides, the total amount of emissions of these fuels is similar when producing the same amount of combustion heat. It is concluded that ammonia is a very promising fuel that not only generates fewer CO2 emissions, fewer total emissions, but also performs high energy efficiency.
Abstract: This paper compares some typical fossil fuels with carbon-free fuels from aspects of combustion-related properties, energy efficiency and emissions. It is based on the assumption that the fuel of interest is completely combusted. The comparison indicators include species of exhaust gases, wasted heat of emissions and the quantities thereof. It is f...
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