Modelling the Competition for Forest Resources: The Case of Sweden
Anna Olsson,
Robert Lundmark
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 2, April 2014
Pages:
11-19
Received:
8 April 2014
Accepted:
7 May 2014
Published:
20 May 2014
Abstract: Past decades increasing shares of forest resources have been diverted from the forest sector to the energy sector. The increasing utilization of forest fuel is, to a large extent, caused by economic policies introduced to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases. Since the energy sector is believed to continue to increase its use of forest fuel in the energy production in Sweden, it is of interest to investigate the effects of this. The purpose of this study is to analyses the extent and degree of forest resources competition in the presence of climate policy by accounting for the inter-linkages of forest resources utilization between the energy sector and the forest industries. A partial equilibrium model was thus constructed and applied to the Swedish forest sector and energy sector. A baseline scenario is calibrated using the GAMS software. Four scenarios with alternative development paths are then simulated and compared to the baseline scenario. The results indicate that the impacts on the procurement competition between the forest sector and the energy sector are relatively moderate also in situations of expanding production in the forest industries. An increase in the competition between industries in the energy sector can however be observed.
Abstract: Past decades increasing shares of forest resources have been diverted from the forest sector to the energy sector. The increasing utilization of forest fuel is, to a large extent, caused by economic policies introduced to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases. Since the energy sector is believed to continue to increase its use of forest fuel in t...
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Water Absorption Properties of Some Tropical Timber Species
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 2, April 2014
Pages:
20-24
Received:
15 May 2014
Accepted:
5 June 2014
Published:
20 June 2014
Abstract: The water absorption characteristics during soaking of Terminalia superba ( Ofram), Terminalia ivorensis (Emere) as currently threatened timber species and Quassia undulata ( Hotrohotro) and Recinodendron heudelotii.(Wama) as lesser used timber species were studied to determine and compare their absorption and diffusion coefficients as potential substitutes for utilization. Water soaking was carried out for nineteen days and the data were fitted into the Fick’s model to determine both the water absorption and diffusion coefficients. The study showed that, the mean values of the water absorption coefficient at initial stages of moisture sorption for Hortrohotro, Ofram, Emere and Wama were 3.51x 10-3, 4.31x10-3, 1.67x10-3 and 8.27x10-4 (kg/m2/s) respectively. The corresponding mean values of this parameter for the entire soaking process were also determined for the timber species viz; Ofram (2.91x 10-3), Hortrohotro (2.58x 10-3), Emere (1.14x 10-3) and Wama (6.11x 10-4) kg/m2s respectively. The measured diffusion coefficient for Wama, Emere, Ofram and Hotrohotro timber species were 9.637x10,-4 6.694x10-3 4.185x10-2 and 2.899x10-2 kg/m2/s respectively. Emere and Wama had lower absorption and diffusion characteristics than Hortrohotro and Ofram. Based on this study, Wama could be substituted for Emere and Hortrohotro with Ofram.
Abstract: The water absorption characteristics during soaking of Terminalia superba ( Ofram), Terminalia ivorensis (Emere) as currently threatened timber species and Quassia undulata ( Hotrohotro) and Recinodendron heudelotii.(Wama) as lesser used timber species were studied to determine and compare their absorption and diffusion coefficients as potential s...
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